Dialectic: Why the theorems from the antique one are still modern

Stéphane Etrillard, management of institutes SECS, Duesseldorf (openPR) - Stéphane Etrillard, management of institutes SECS, Duesseldorf: From the antique one in the Middle Ages dialectic applied as an indispensable field of activity of each higher education. In our modern world this old art is neglected however frequently or they are verfremdet used, in order to drive and verbal checkmate in discussions „the opponent “into the tightness. In practice today often only the dialectic tricks are used, while original instructional contents of antique dialectic from the field of vision turn out. Are this today more up-to-date ever. In the antique one and in the Middle Ages the so-called „free arts were “part of each scholar training. The fields of knowledge grammar, dialectic, Rhetorik, arithmetic, geometry, harmony teachings and astronomy formed together the basis of a higher education.

And still in the Middle Ages they were the preparation on the actual scientific study at the faculties of theology, jurisprudence and medicine and there in their own faculty, the Facultas Artium, were summarized. This faculty is considered as a forerunner of the philosophical faculty, which has today its place in almost any university.

Within „the free arts “a discipline takes a certain privileged position: It concerns thereby dialectic. By dialectic one understands generally the art to hold conversation from speech and counter declaration - or a scientific argument with thesis and Gegenthese - a regulated (controversy) the investigation of the truth serves and at a conclusive result arrived, with which the initial diversities of opinion are dissolved. With Isidor of Sevilla, an important scholar 6. and 7. Century, which carried the knowledge of the antique ones into the Middle Ages and considerably coined/shaped the self understanding of the medieval universities, one reads in addition: Dialectic is a discipline, „in is discussed to look for as with reference to the causes of the things or the customs of the life the truth is “; and dialectic helps „with respect to most difficult Disputationen true from wrong one to to differentiate “.

With this characterisation dialectic in the universitären surrounding field becomes a kind basic talent in handling all other scientific disciplines, because it is concerned with the questions of the realization, the truth search - and become thereby the basis each science. This understanding was established also in the universities, and dialectic became a methodical basic training, which was placed in front all other scientific studies.

If one starts now today a view of some the innumerable verbal arguments in (it medialen) the public, one wishes oneself frequently that everyone, which participates in public rounds of talks should come into the benefit of such a dialectic basic training. But from the broad public, pulled in the private and particularly in the working life the old basic knowledge of dialectic advise too rarely also faraway. In our society, in which communication takes a key position, dialectic and the Rhetorik, as applied dialectic, move it nevertheless again into the foreground - or should have done at least. Because everywhere discussions or arguments are always and led, and infinitely much time and energy are wasted by the fact that humans by-talk together and conclusive results of discussions and/or arguments are missing simply. The pervasive talc rounds in radio and television - completely same whether between high politicians or arguing neighbours - are and remain most descriptive example of it. If we are honest, we know not less drastic examples often also from the personal surrounding field. Often argued about true or wrongly that each successful and thus constructional discussion guidance certain rules follows it is however gladly ignored intensively. The basic ideas of dialectic are very simple and stamping SAM:

The first rule formulated Platon: „Do not hold back you egozentrisch. “- You can be concretized with the simple thought of the change speech: The parties talk alternating and listen each other. From mutual listening a second rule results: The parties indicate expressly, when they contradict the opinions that different party in each case. If they do not do this, this omitting is considered as agreement. Thus it is avoided that the involved ones by-talk together. So that the parties understand each other then at all, is considered as the third rule: The interlocutors express themselves clearly and clearly, in order to avoid misunderstandings if possible. And the last basic rule can be derived from Aristoteles, which said: „Analyze and argue logically. “Speak: Contradictions in the own argumentation or to that, with which one showed up already in agreement, are not permissible.

Who takes good heed of these four simple rules, thereby the danger of unpleasant and destructive discussion processes decreases immediately. And it shows up here also completely clearly that dialectic is not there thus by any means to implement the own opinion as loss-free as possible. Straight under the keyword Rhetorik finds this misunderstanding still to spreading. Starting point one „dispute “are usually opposite or at least different opinions, but a goal is not it to represent those to opinion of the Gegenübers as wrong and the own as correct - and this aspect is all too often forgotten in discussion practice. A goal of a discussion remains rather the constructional communication over the the subject of the diversity of opinion. It applies to manufacture a reconciliation of the opinions to obtain a consent which comes for both parties equal the truth.

From these principles now a Rhetorik can be derived also for our modern time, which does not aim at the rhetorical victory only for the victory, but instead is absolutely aligned to the successful communication of the interlocutors, who seek to fathom the truth together. And so also the means of the Rhetorik are not in verbal Finten, niceties, to look for atomising tactics or homicide arguments but unfolds alone in the persuasive power of the personal argumentation, which on the one hand in conclusive contents settles, on the other hand also in the good style of the discussion guidance. Because a dispute is not a challenge, and the own arguments are not „weapons “, with which one defeats „the opponent “. Arguments - and exactly the same the counterarguments! - are to be regarded much rather as stages on the common way to the truth. With each convincing argument one approaches the consent, the mutual communication. With such a kind of the discussion guidance one does not only come faster and better to the goal, her suggests besides a styleful and sovereigns personality, that does not have it necessarily to make its interlocutor mouth dead. Also this aspect is everything but insignificant, because discussions, which maintain a certain level also in delicate situations, lead more rarely to unnecessary conflicts and are therefore rightfully than being designated constructionally.

In our time, which is coined/shaped by that variety of the communication possibilities and the abundance of kommunikativer processes, a Rhetorik of the persuasive power is in the long run the only chance not to be subjected to the constantly rising noise level of communication and even only still louder, still more multicolored, to be still more spectacular in hope to find somewhere hearing. The back meditation on the very practicable basic rules of dialectic leads the view of the quality of our communication, of the success of our discussions, and not on the attention, which they excite. And the yardstick for it can be only the successful communication. Qualitatively high-quality discussions, which run effectively and successfully, serve for not to the self-manifestation, but clarifying and communication of contents. Completely directly whether it concerns thereby around private arguments, vocational or discussions. A discussion, which instead in the long run only to it that the interlocutor gives intimidated or pushed into the corner his opinion up, is in last consequence an unreasonable and always first of all redundant discussion leads, because clarified in the thing here nothing. And the diversities of opinion remain existing or increase further itself only. Straight one on a long-term basis seen, remains such a discussion without genuine result and leads in the consequence even frequently to conflicts or misunderstandings. - And redundant, without result running kommunikative procedures belong now to the things in the world, without which we can do gladly.

Therefore it is important not to lose the quality and effectiveness of discussions and communication from the view which with the almost boundless communication possibilities of our time a real danger became actual. The principles of dialectic originating from the antique one give us referring to how we can order to this danger stop, and they have also in our modern society further their full validity. Attention, Fairness, clarity in the expression, authenticity and conclusive contents were at that time and are also today the cornerstone of a convincing discussion guidance.

Current seminars with Stéphane Etrillard find you under:

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12. March 2007 - 14. March 2007 bath Gögging (Bavaria)

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Literature-tap:

Stéphane Etrillard
Rhetorik for Professionals I
Sovereigns discussion guidance in discussions, discussions and negotiations
6 CDs, approx. 330 minutes of running time, 4 lateral Begleitbroschüre
ISBN: 978-3-937864-85-3
Publishing house: Breuer & being DIN Verlagskontor 2006

www.etrillard.com/index.phpfile=shop&mode=details&number=49

Stéphane Etrillard
Rhetorik for Professionals II
Arise to sovereign in presentations, discussions and interviews
6 CDs, approx. 334 minutes of running time, 4 lateral Begleitbroschüre
ISBN 978-3-937864-86-0
Publishing house: Breuer & being DIN Verlagskontor 2006

www.etrillard.com/index.phpfile=shop&mode=details&number=50

Over the author:

Stéphane Etrillard, is considered as a prominent European expert to the topic „personal sovereignty “. With Entscheidern and high-level personnel he is looked for and well-known as councellors and „coaches of the new generation “. As Coach and an author he enjoys a outstanding call. With its open seminars within the range Rhetorik and dialectic as well as even PR, he help his participants to more sovereignty in all situations in life. Stéphane Etrillard obtain authority from practice for practice. Its proven know-how developed in the observation and company of several thousand high-level personnel and salesmen from most different industries. Among his private clients rank managers from Top enterprises, medium-size entrepreneurs and politicians as well as many humans, who get themselves with it new impulses, in order to arrange their communication goal-prominent. Is by numerous lectures and publications he a broad public admits become. Its books and audio Coaching programs rank among the Business Topsellern.

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